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Theme Magazines and Fact Sheets
Download "Geology and Ore no. 4, December 2004" go04.pdf (~900 kb)
Exploration and Mining in Greenland
GEOLOGY AND ORE
No. 4 - December 2004
Diamond exploration
in Greenland
in Greenland
More than 1000 observations repre-
senting in situ kimberlitic dykes are
now known in West Greenland, of
which 2/3 are found within a major
alkaline province in the region from
65°N to 67°N. To date, approximately
900 diamonds have been reported
from kimberlitic rocks. The distribu-
tion of occurrences appears to partly
reflect the uneven degree of investi-
gation of different areas, and partly
the fact that the rocks often occur in
swarms. The commercial exploration
carried out in West Greenland during
the period 19922004 has mainly focu-
sed on the major alkaline province.
The investigations of the remaining
part of southern West Greenland have
been of a more regional character
senting in situ kimberlitic dykes are
now known in West Greenland, of
which 2/3 are found within a major
alkaline province in the region from
65°N to 67°N. To date, approximately
900 diamonds have been reported
from kimberlitic rocks. The distribu-
tion of occurrences appears to partly
reflect the uneven degree of investi-
gation of different areas, and partly
the fact that the rocks often occur in
swarms. The commercial exploration
carried out in West Greenland during
the period 19922004 has mainly focu-
sed on the major alkaline province.
The investigations of the remaining
part of southern West Greenland have
been of a more regional character
Exploration history
Greenland has seen several campaigns of
diamond exploration since the early
1970s. Inspired by reports of kimberlite
dykes at several locations in southern
West Greenland, an exploration company
investigated occurrences in the Pyramide-
fjeld area north of Ivittuut and recovered
diamond exploration since the early
1970s. Inspired by reports of kimberlite
dykes at several locations in southern
West Greenland, an exploration company
investigated occurrences in the Pyramide-
fjeld area north of Ivittuut and recovered
two microdiamonds and one macrodia-
mond from kimberlitic samples. Early
regional kimberlite prospecting covering
large parts of West Greenland resulted in
two microdiamonds extracted from bulk
stream sediment samples from the broad
Sarfartoq valley.
mond from kimberlitic samples. Early
regional kimberlite prospecting covering
large parts of West Greenland resulted in
two microdiamonds extracted from bulk
stream sediment samples from the broad
Sarfartoq valley.
Field campaigns from 1994 onwards have
mostly been dedicated to regional till and
stream sediment sampling programmes
with a view to locate kimberlite indicator
minerals. Next followed airborne magnetic
and electromagnetic surveys and drilling
on frozen lakes for possible diatremes.
mostly been dedicated to regional till and
stream sediment sampling programmes
with a view to locate kimberlite indicator
minerals. Next followed airborne magnetic
and electromagnetic surveys and drilling
on frozen lakes for possible diatremes.
2
1995 Investigations in South-West Greenland, partly on previously reported kimberlites and diamond finds
1996 Regional till and stream sediment programmes initiated for the whole of the Archaean block of southern West Greenland
1996 Regional till and stream sediment programmes initiated for the whole of the Archaean block of southern West Greenland
Microdiamonds from boulders, E of Maniitsoq
Helicopter-borne geophysics in the same area
Helicopter-borne geophysics in the same area
1997 Helicopter-borne and ground geophysics in the ManiitsoqKangerlussuaq region
Diamond drilling for possible kimberlite diatremes under frozen lakes, same region Greenland's first diamonds reported from in situ
kimberlite dyke, E of Maniitsoq (16 macros and 25 micros from a 792 kg sample)
kimberlite dyke, E of Maniitsoq (16 macros and 25 micros from a 792 kg sample)
1998 Helicopter-borne geophysics in the ManiitsoqKangerlussuaq region
Diamond drilling for possible kimberlite diatremes under frozen lakes, same region, including an 18-hole programme of which 14
holes intersected kimberlite
Reports of numerous new kimberlitic occurrences, several with 'unique' diamond indicator mineral chemistries
Microdiamonds from several boulder and dyke occurrences SW of Kangerlussuaq 474 microdiamonds and 5 macrodiamonds from
mini-bulk samples of large kimberlitic boulders from suspected sill
holes intersected kimberlite
Reports of numerous new kimberlitic occurrences, several with 'unique' diamond indicator mineral chemistries
Microdiamonds from several boulder and dyke occurrences SW of Kangerlussuaq 474 microdiamonds and 5 macrodiamonds from
mini-bulk samples of large kimberlitic boulders from suspected sill
1999 Ground geophysics in areas of the latest diamond finds
Helicopter-borne geophysics in the ManiitsoqKangerlussuaq region
2000 Extensive indicator mineral analysis programme for samples from areas SW of Kangerlussuaq
Field activities limited to follow-up on positive indicator mineral results
2001 Diamond drilling for kimberlites SW of Kangerlussuaq. A very large kimberlitic dyke (20 m wide and 5 km long) reported. Government
research in the Sisimiut area
2002 Field activities limited to brief reconnaissance by one company. Government research and mapping in the Kangerlussuaq area.
Airborne hyperspectral survey in the Sisimiut-Kangerlussuaq area
2003 Field exploration and reconnaissance by a couple of companies. Government testing for diamond content of kimberlitic occurrences in
the Sarfartoq-Maniitsoq area. Release of diamond testing results (124 micros, 4 macros) from the Sarfartoq-Maniitsoq area
2004 Government research in the Kangerlussuaq-Maniitsoq area. Company release of diamond testing results (111 micros, 9 macros) from
"Garnet Lake" in the Sarfartoq area
Diamond exploration
in Greenland
in Greenland
Highlights of recent diamond exploration
Outcrop of a 1 m wide kimberlitic dyke in the Maniitsoq area.
3
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Map of till and stream sediment sample localities in West Greenland
4
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Ikertooq
Sisimiut
Nordre
Isortoq
Sukkertoppen
Iskappe
Inland
Ice
Itilleq
Kangaamiut
Maniitsoq
Nordre
Strømfjord
Ikertooq
steep belt
52°
54°
50 km
Sø
nd
re
S
trø
m
f
j
o
r
d
67°
66°
Greenland
Kangerlussuaq
Sarfartoq
Archaean
Palaeoproterozoic
Undifferentiated
Arfersiorfik quartz diorite
Sisimiut charnockite
Sisimiut charnockite
Syntectonic granite suite
Archaean gneiss (s.l.)
Supracrustal rocks
Mafic dykes
Mafic dykes
Early Archaean gneiss
Kangâmiut dyke swarm
Thrust
High strain zone
High strain zone
Geological map of the SisimiutKangerlussuaqManiitsoq region.
The first diamonds from in situ kimberlitic
dykes were reported from the area east of
Maniitsoq in 1997. One 792 kg sample of
a large dyke yielded 25 microdiamonds
<0.5 mm) and 16 macrodiamonds (all <1
mm).
dykes were reported from the area east of
Maniitsoq in 1997. One 792 kg sample of
a large dyke yielded 25 microdiamonds
<0.5 mm) and 16 macrodiamonds (all <1
mm).
Focus then shifted north to the Sarfartoq
region, where the largest number of
microdiamonds recovered from a single
kimberlitic occurrence came from a sub-
cropping sill that returned 474 microdia-
monds and 5 macrodiamonds. Another
striking discovery was of a very large dyke
that is traceable by geophysical methods
over a length of 5 km with a width of 20
m confirmed by two inclined drill holes. In
2002, the Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland (GEUS) and the Greenland
Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP)
conducted an airborne hyperspectral sur-
vey over the Sarfartoq region in order to
assess this remote sensing technique for
detecting kimberlitic rocks and weathering
material associated with them.
region, where the largest number of
microdiamonds recovered from a single
kimberlitic occurrence came from a sub-
cropping sill that returned 474 microdia-
monds and 5 macrodiamonds. Another
striking discovery was of a very large dyke
that is traceable by geophysical methods
over a length of 5 km with a width of 20
m confirmed by two inclined drill holes. In
2002, the Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland (GEUS) and the Greenland
Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP)
conducted an airborne hyperspectral sur-
vey over the Sarfartoq region in order to
assess this remote sensing technique for
detecting kimberlitic rocks and weathering
material associated with them.
Survey fieldwork in 2001 and 2002 has
been focused on the spatial distribution of
kimberlitic dyke rocks in areas with limited
previous information, and detailed studies
on mantle xenoliths from the kimberlitic
dykes. In 2003, GEUS and BMP collected
been focused on the spatial distribution of
kimberlitic dyke rocks in areas with limited
previous information, and detailed studies
on mantle xenoliths from the kimberlitic
dykes. In 2003, GEUS and BMP collected
1-tonne samples of three kimberlitic dykes
for testing the diamond content by caustic
fusion dissolution, and for determination
and characterisation of their indicator mi-
neral populations and chemistries. This
test added 124 microdiamonds and 4 ma-
crodiamonds to the database. One micro-
diamond was from a hitherto untested
dyke of the Sarfartoq swarm. The two
remaining dykes tested (one from the
Sarfartoq region and one from the Maniit-
soq region) were known from previous
work to be diamondiferous, but previous
tests were inadequately documented.
Concurrently, research on selecting further
targets is conducted including a compre-
hensive age dating programme, petrogra-
phy and studies on regional uplift and
thermal history of West Greenland.
for testing the diamond content by caustic
fusion dissolution, and for determination
and characterisation of their indicator mi-
neral populations and chemistries. This
test added 124 microdiamonds and 4 ma-
crodiamonds to the database. One micro-
diamond was from a hitherto untested
dyke of the Sarfartoq swarm. The two
remaining dykes tested (one from the
Sarfartoq region and one from the Maniit-
soq region) were known from previous
work to be diamondiferous, but previous
tests were inadequately documented.
Concurrently, research on selecting further
targets is conducted including a compre-
hensive age dating programme, petrogra-
phy and studies on regional uplift and
thermal history of West Greenland.
Geological setting
Southern West Greenland hosts a major
alkaline province with a variety of ultra-
mafic alkaline rocks. The alkaline province
includes swarms of dykes described as
kimberlites and lamproites. These rock
types are widely distributed in the
SisimiutSarfartoqKangerlussuaq region,
as well as the region just south of
Sukkertoppen Icecap. Lamproitic dykes in
alkaline province with a variety of ultra-
mafic alkaline rocks. The alkaline province
includes swarms of dykes described as
kimberlites and lamproites. These rock
types are widely distributed in the
SisimiutSarfartoqKangerlussuaq region,
as well as the region just south of
Sukkertoppen Icecap. Lamproitic dykes in
the Sisimiut region are around 1200 Ma
old and the kimberlitic dykes in both the
Sarfartoq and Sisimiut regions have ages
of 600 Ma. A precise spatial relationship
between the intrusive events resulting in
kimberlitic rocks and the 600 Ma
Sarfartoq carbonatite complex has not
been established. The dykes have earlier
been interpreted as cone-sheets related to
the carbonatite complex.
old and the kimberlitic dykes in both the
Sarfartoq and Sisimiut regions have ages
of 600 Ma. A precise spatial relationship
between the intrusive events resulting in
kimberlitic rocks and the 600 Ma
Sarfartoq carbonatite complex has not
been established. The dykes have earlier
been interpreted as cone-sheets related to
the carbonatite complex.
South of Sisimiut, remnants of an
Archaean alkaline complex have been
located, perhaps comparable in age to the
at least 2600 Ma old Tupertalik carbon-
atite complex near Maniitsoq. The 170 Ma
Qaqqaarsuk carbonatite complex, located
in the area east of Maniitsoq, represents
the youngest alkaline igneous event. At
Fossilik in the vicinity of the Qaqqaarsuk
complex a small diatreme contains frag-
ments of fossiliferous Ordovician lime-
stone set in a matrix of carbonatitic-ultra-
mafic breccia tuff.
Archaean alkaline complex have been
located, perhaps comparable in age to the
at least 2600 Ma old Tupertalik carbon-
atite complex near Maniitsoq. The 170 Ma
Qaqqaarsuk carbonatite complex, located
in the area east of Maniitsoq, represents
the youngest alkaline igneous event. At
Fossilik in the vicinity of the Qaqqaarsuk
complex a small diatreme contains frag-
ments of fossiliferous Ordovician lime-
stone set in a matrix of carbonatitic-ultra-
mafic breccia tuff.
The alkaline province of West Greenland
may host several clusters of kimberlitic
dykes and sills. Dykes occur at distances of
up to 40 km S, 35 km N, 50 km W and
30 km E of the carbonatite complex, and
commonly appear to be controlled by pre-
may host several clusters of kimberlitic
dykes and sills. Dykes occur at distances of
up to 40 km S, 35 km N, 50 km W and
30 km E of the carbonatite complex, and
commonly appear to be controlled by pre-
5
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Kimberlitic boulder with various xenoliths,
the Sarfartoq area.
the Sarfartoq area.
Eclogitic xenolith from a kimberlitic dyke, the Maniitsoq area.
6
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Map of kimberlitic and diamond occurrences of the West Greenland alkaline province.
7
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Map of selected diamond facies garnets of the West Greenland alkaline province.
8
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
(8b)
Diagram of all chromite classes from indicator mineral picking (for explanation, see page 11).
Diagram of all chromite classes from indicator mineral picking (for explanation, see page 11).
(8a)
Diagram of all garnet classes from indicator mineral picking (for explanation, see page 11).
Diagram of all garnet classes from indicator mineral picking (for explanation, see page 11).
existing joint systems or concordant with
the enclosing gneiss.
the enclosing gneiss.
The kimberlitic intrusions are often flat-
lying sheets, rarely over 1 m thick, and
traceable for a few tens of metres, while
others are subvertical, 12 m wide, and
traceable for 23 kilometres. The dykes
often contain numerous mantle xenoliths
ranging in size from a few millimetres to
several decimetres. Ubiquitous kimberlitic
or lamproitic boulders ranging in size from
a few centimetres to 2 metres across are
often concentrated in clusters or trains
that may number hundreds of boulders,
and be many hundreds of metres long.
lying sheets, rarely over 1 m thick, and
traceable for a few tens of metres, while
others are subvertical, 12 m wide, and
traceable for 23 kilometres. The dykes
often contain numerous mantle xenoliths
ranging in size from a few millimetres to
several decimetres. Ubiquitous kimberlitic
or lamproitic boulders ranging in size from
a few centimetres to 2 metres across are
often concentrated in clusters or trains
that may number hundreds of boulders,
and be many hundreds of metres long.
The ultramafic alkaline rocks in the region
NW of the Palaeoproterozoic deformation
front still remain to be proven diamondif-
erous. As an encouragement for further
exploration in this region it is noted that
NW of the Palaeoproterozoic deformation
front still remain to be proven diamondif-
erous. As an encouragement for further
exploration in this region it is noted that
the area covered by the Torngat orogen
the Canadian counterpart to the
Nagssugtoqidian orogen has been
shown recently to host diamondiferous
kimberlitic dykes. Additionally it can be
mentioned that recent diamond explo-
ration in the neighbouring Baffin Island,
Nunavut, has revealed a number of very
promising prospects in a geological envi-
ronment very much like that of West
Greenland.
the Canadian counterpart to the
Nagssugtoqidian orogen has been
shown recently to host diamondiferous
kimberlitic dykes. Additionally it can be
mentioned that recent diamond explo-
ration in the neighbouring Baffin Island,
Nunavut, has revealed a number of very
promising prospects in a geological envi-
ronment very much like that of West
Greenland.
Mantle xenoliths in kimberlitic
rocks
rocks
Mantle xenoliths are present in many of
the West Greenland kimberlitic dykes. A
majority of the xenoliths encountered the
SisimiutKangerlussuaq region have peri-
dotitic or pyroxenitic compositions and
they range in size from less than 1 cm to
a maximum of about 50 cm. In the
the West Greenland kimberlitic dykes. A
majority of the xenoliths encountered the
SisimiutKangerlussuaq region have peri-
dotitic or pyroxenitic compositions and
they range in size from less than 1 cm to
a maximum of about 50 cm. In the
Maniitsoq region the typical xenolith
assemblage also includes rocks of eclogitic
composition with sizes of up to 10 cm.
assemblage also includes rocks of eclogitic
composition with sizes of up to 10 cm.
The different xenolith types and their dis-
tinct mineral compositions illustrate the
heterogeneous character of the West
Greenland lithospheric mantle, even with-
in a single kimberlitic dyke of limited
extent. Temperature and pressure calcula-
tions suggest that the xenoliths from
some kimberlitic dykes were derived from
a depth interval of at least 49 to 69 kbar,
corresponding to approximately 150215
km. This implies vertical zonation of the
mantle lithosphere with depleted and
metasomatised zones beneath the
Archaean craton. The PT relations of the
tinct mineral compositions illustrate the
heterogeneous character of the West
Greenland lithospheric mantle, even with-
in a single kimberlitic dyke of limited
extent. Temperature and pressure calcula-
tions suggest that the xenoliths from
some kimberlitic dykes were derived from
a depth interval of at least 49 to 69 kbar,
corresponding to approximately 150215
km. This implies vertical zonation of the
mantle lithosphere with depleted and
metasomatised zones beneath the
Archaean craton. The PT relations of the
9
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Diagram of all ilmenite classes from indica-
tor mineral picking (for explanation, see
page 11).
tor mineral picking (for explanation, see
page 11).
xenoliths suggest they were all derived
from within the so-called diamond win-
dow.
from within the so-called diamond win-
dow.
Kimberlitic occurrences and indi-
cator minerals from till samples
cator minerals from till samples
Three clusters of dykes have been recog-
nised within the province. The Sisimiut
swarm, consisting mainly of 1287 Ma lam-
proitic and 587 Ma kimberlitic dykes have
a generally vertical E-W to SE-NW striking
orientation. The Sarfartoq swarm consist-
ing mainly of 615 Ma kimberlitic dykes
has variable orientations, but with many
dykes in a NS trend. The 600 Ma kimber-
litic dykes of the Maniitsoq swarm have
orientations in a predominantly ENESSW
direction.
nised within the province. The Sisimiut
swarm, consisting mainly of 1287 Ma lam-
proitic and 587 Ma kimberlitic dykes have
a generally vertical E-W to SE-NW striking
orientation. The Sarfartoq swarm consist-
ing mainly of 615 Ma kimberlitic dykes
has variable orientations, but with many
dykes in a NS trend. The 600 Ma kimber-
litic dykes of the Maniitsoq swarm have
orientations in a predominantly ENESSW
direction.
Many kimberlitic dyke orientations follow
the trends of the Palaeoproterozoic
Kangâmiut dolerite dykes in reworked as
the trends of the Palaeoproterozoic
Kangâmiut dolerite dykes in reworked as
well as unreworked parts of the Archaean
basement. Another example is an appar-
ent predominance of north-south dykes in
a corridor reaching far beyond the
Sarfartoq complex, e.g. the newly discov-
ered very large 5 km long and 20 m wide
dyke. Information from magnetic field
data lend support to the hypothesis that
kimberlite emplacement may be controlled
by such structures of more regional char-
acter.
basement. Another example is an appar-
ent predominance of north-south dykes in
a corridor reaching far beyond the
Sarfartoq complex, e.g. the newly discov-
ered very large 5 km long and 20 m wide
dyke. Information from magnetic field
data lend support to the hypothesis that
kimberlite emplacement may be controlled
by such structures of more regional char-
acter.
The exploration in Greenland has been
focussed on indicator minerals such as
peridotitic and eclogitic garnets (pyrope),
chromite, ilmenite and chrome-diopside,
using experience from Arctic Canada. An
overview of the more than 15.000 sites
sampled and the approximately 100.000
indicator minerals analysed are displayed
on maps and diagrams. Exploration com-
panies have conducted the sampling since
1995 and results have now been made
focussed on indicator minerals such as
peridotitic and eclogitic garnets (pyrope),
chromite, ilmenite and chrome-diopside,
using experience from Arctic Canada. An
overview of the more than 15.000 sites
sampled and the approximately 100.000
indicator minerals analysed are displayed
on maps and diagrams. Exploration com-
panies have conducted the sampling since
1995 and results have now been made
available to new users through a major
Survey compilation report with accompa-
nying data DVD.
Survey compilation report with accompa-
nying data DVD.
Obvious diamond potential
Most of the approximately 900 diamonds
reported to date are from just two areas,
reported to date are from just two areas,
10
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Outcrop of kimberlitic dyke with various xenoliths, the Maniitsoq area.
Microdiamonds from a kimberlite dyke in
the Maniitsoq area. Scale 0.5 mm.
the Maniitsoq area. Scale 0.5 mm.
both located in the unreworked Archaean
craton. It should be remembered that only
a small fraction of the kimberlitic outcrops
has been diamond tested so far. All in situ
diamond occurrences fall within areas out-
lined by the diamond-favourable indicator
minerals from till and stream sediment
samples. On a local scale, however, kim-
berlite tracing using indicator minerals
from till samples is not straightforward,
craton. It should be remembered that only
a small fraction of the kimberlitic outcrops
has been diamond tested so far. All in situ
diamond occurrences fall within areas out-
lined by the diamond-favourable indicator
minerals from till and stream sediment
samples. On a local scale, however, kim-
berlite tracing using indicator minerals
from till samples is not straightforward,
probably due to complex glacial dynamics.
The most diamond-favourable indicator
mineral assemblages occur far beyond the
areas with known diamonds. This observa-
tion, together with a regional structural
control, suggests that the potential
appears to exist on either side of the
boundary between reworked and unre-
worked Archaean basement.
The most diamond-favourable indicator
mineral assemblages occur far beyond the
areas with known diamonds. This observa-
tion, together with a regional structural
control, suggests that the potential
appears to exist on either side of the
boundary between reworked and unre-
worked Archaean basement.
11
DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN GREENLAND
Diamond indicator minerals are
picked from till and sediment
samples and from in situ kimberlitic
dykes. The diamond facies indicator
mineral classes are grouped and
displayed according to accounts by:
picked from till and sediment
samples and from in situ kimberlitic
dykes. The diamond facies indicator
mineral classes are grouped and
displayed according to accounts by:
Grütter, H.S. & Apter, D.B. 1998: Kimberlite-
and lamproite-borne chromite phenocrysts
with `diamond-inclusion'-type chemistries.
7th International Kimberlite Conference,
Cape Town, 1317 April, 1998. Extended
abstracts, 280282.
with `diamond-inclusion'-type chemistries.
7th International Kimberlite Conference,
Cape Town, 1317 April, 1998. Extended
abstracts, 280282.
Grütter, H.S., Gurney, J.J., Menzies, A.H. &
Winter, F. 2004: An updated classification
scheme for mantle-derived garnet, for use
by diamond explorers. In: Mitchell, R.H. et
al. (eds): Selected Papers from the Eighth
International Kimberlite Conference.
Volume 2: The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume.
Lithos 77, 841857.
scheme for mantle-derived garnet, for use
by diamond explorers. In: Mitchell, R.H. et
al. (eds): Selected Papers from the Eighth
International Kimberlite Conference.
Volume 2: The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume.
Lithos 77, 841857.
Fipke, C.E., Gurney, J.J. & Moore, R.O. 1995:
Diamond exploration techniques emphasis-
ing indicator mineral geochemistry and
Canadian examples. Geological Survey of
Canada, Bulletin 423, 86 pp.
ing indicator mineral geochemistry and
Canadian examples. Geological Survey of
Canada, Bulletin 423, 86 pp.
Fipke, C.E. 1994: Significance of chromite,
ilmenite, G5 Mg-almandine garnet, zircon
and tourmaline in heavy mineral detection
of diamond bearing lamproite. In: Meyer,
H.O.A. & Leonardos, O.H. (eds): Proceed-
ings of the Fifth International Kimberlite
Conference 2. CPRM Special Publication
1/B Jan/94, 366381. Rio de Janeiro:
Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos
Minerais.
and tourmaline in heavy mineral detection
of diamond bearing lamproite. In: Meyer,
H.O.A. & Leonardos, O.H. (eds): Proceed-
ings of the Fifth International Kimberlite
Conference 2. CPRM Special Publication
1/B Jan/94, 366381. Rio de Janeiro:
Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos
Minerais.
Wyatt, B.A., Baumgartner, M., Anckar, E. &
Grutter, H. 2004: Compositional classifica-
tion of `kimberlitic' and `non-kimberlitic'
ilmenite. In: Mitchell, R.H. et al. (eds):
Selected Papers from the Eighth Interna-
tional Kimberlite Conference. Volume 2:
The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume. Lithos 77,
819840
tion of `kimberlitic' and `non-kimberlitic'
ilmenite. In: Mitchell, R.H. et al. (eds):
Selected Papers from the Eighth Interna-
tional Kimberlite Conference. Volume 2:
The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume. Lithos 77,
819840
Diamond indicator minerals
Outcrop of the contact zone of a 20 m wide kimberlitic dyke near the Kangerlussuaq airport.
Key references
Jensen, S.M., & Secher, K. 2004
: Investigating
the diamond potential of southern West
Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland Bulletin 3, 6972.
Jensen, S.M., Hansen, H., Secher, K.,
Steenfelt, A., Schjøth, F. & Rasmussen, T.M.
2002:
Kimberlites and other ultramafic
alkaline rocks in the SisimiutKangerlussuaq
region, southern West Greenland. Geology of
Greenland Survey
Bulletin191, 5766.
Jensen, S.M., Secher, K., Rasmussen, T.M.,
Tukiainen, T., Krebs, J.D. & Schjøth, F. 2003:
Distribution and magnetic signatures of kim-
berlitic rocks in the Sarfartoq region, southern
West Greenland. 8th International Kimberlite
Conference, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Extended
abstracts CD-ROM, 5 pp. [Poster presentation
in PDF format available from GEUS on request].
Jensen, S. M., Secher, K. & Rasmussen, T. M.
2004:
Diamond content of three kimberlitic
occurrences in southern West Greenland.
Diamond identification results, field description
and magnetic profiling. Danmarks og Grøn-
lands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport
2004/19: 41 pp.
Jensen, S.M., Secher, K., Rasmussen, T.M. &
Schjøth, F. 2004:
Diamond exploration data
from West Greenland: 2004 update and
revision, Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske
Undersøgelse Rapport 2004/117, + 1 DVD (in
press).
Larsen, L.M. 1980:
Lamprophyric and kim-
berlitic dykes associated with the Sarfartôq
carbonatite complex, southern West Green-
land. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Under-
søgelse 100, 6569.
Larsen, L.M. 1991:
Occurrences of kimberlite,
lamproite and ultramafic lamprophyre in
Greenland. Open File Series Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse 91/2, 36 pp.
Larsen, L.M. & Rex, D.C.1992:
A review of the
2500 Ma span of alkaline-ultramafic, potassic
and carbonatitic magmatism in West
Greenland. Lithos 28, 367402.
Scott, B.H. 1981:
Kimberlite and lamproite
dykes from Holsteinsborg, West Greenland.
Meddelelser om Grønland Geoscience 4, 24.
Steenfelt, A. 2001:
Geochemical atlas of
Greenland - West and South Greenland.
Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske
Undersøgelse Rapport 2001/46, 39 pp + CD-
ROM.
Tukiainen, T. & Krebs, J.D. 2004:
Mineral
resources of the Precambrian shield of central
West Greenland (66° to 70° 15'N), Part 4.
Mapping of kimberlitic rocks in West Green-
land using airborne hyperspectral data.
Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske
Undersøgelse Rapport 2004/45, 40 pp + DVD.
Authors
Karsten Secher and Sven M. Jensen
Editor
Karsten Secher, GEUS
Graphic Production
Carsten Thuesen and Henrik Klinge
Pedersen, GEUS
Printed
December 2004
Printers
Schultz Grafisk
ISSN
1602-818x
Panorama of the GEUS diamond survey base camp 2003 in the Maniitsoq area.
Front cover photograph:
Field camp near a kimberlitic dyke (1 m) outcrop in the gneiss basement near
Kangerlussuaq.
Kangerlussuaq.
Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum
(BMP)
Government of Greenland
P.O. Box 930
DK-3900 Nuuk
Greenland
Tel: (+299) 34 68 00
Fax.: (+299) 32 43 02
E-mail: bmp@gh.gl
Internet: www.bmp.gl
Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland (GEUS)
Øster Voldgade 10
DK-1350 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Tel: (+45) 38 14 20 00
Fax.: (+45) 38 14 20 50
E-mail: geus@geus.dk
Internet: www.geus.dk
Last modified: April 17, 2005
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