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Theme Magazines and Fact Sheets
Download "Geology and Ore no. 3, March 2003" go03.pdf (920k)
Exploration and Mining in Greenland
GEOLOGY AND ORE
No. 3
Airborne geophysical data
from Greenland
from Greenland
In Greenland, compared to the rest of
North America and Europe, the use of
airborne geophysical surveys as a basic
tool in mineral exploration came fairly
late. During the early 1970s the first
public airborne surveys were carried out
in East Greenland, followed in the mid
seventies in West and South Greenland.
As for most surveys at the time, the
earliest data, magnetic and radiometric,
were acquired in digital form but posi-
tioned visually by tracking photography.
In the eighties, experimental surveys
with very wide spacing of lines (1012
km) were carried out over the southern
part of the Inland Ice. Since 1992, syste-
matic digital airborne geophysical pro-
grammes have been conducted in many
parts of Greenland, now taking advan-
tage of modern positioning techniques,
e.g. GPS. At the beginning of the new
millennium substantial parts of Green-
land have been covered by magnetic,
electromagnetic and radiometric surveys
using a methodology practical for explo-
ration companies. New methods based
on airborne hyperspectral scanning have
been introduced and used in selected
areas.
North America and Europe, the use of
airborne geophysical surveys as a basic
tool in mineral exploration came fairly
late. During the early 1970s the first
public airborne surveys were carried out
in East Greenland, followed in the mid
seventies in West and South Greenland.
As for most surveys at the time, the
earliest data, magnetic and radiometric,
were acquired in digital form but posi-
tioned visually by tracking photography.
In the eighties, experimental surveys
with very wide spacing of lines (1012
km) were carried out over the southern
part of the Inland Ice. Since 1992, syste-
matic digital airborne geophysical pro-
grammes have been conducted in many
parts of Greenland, now taking advan-
tage of modern positioning techniques,
e.g. GPS. At the beginning of the new
millennium substantial parts of Green-
land have been covered by magnetic,
electromagnetic and radiometric surveys
using a methodology practical for explo-
ration companies. New methods based
on airborne hyperspectral scanning have
been introduced and used in selected
areas.
2
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
Airborne geophysical data
from Greenland
from Greenland
Air Greenland A/S helicopter AS 350 during
take-off from Grønnedal in South-West
Greenland with its geophysical instrumenta-
tion from Aerodat Inc. The lower bird con-
tains the electromagnetic equipment and
the upper bird is the magnetometer. During
survey the electromagnetic equipment is
carried 30 m above the ground.
take-off from Grønnedal in South-West
Greenland with its geophysical instrumenta-
tion from Aerodat Inc. The lower bird con-
tains the electromagnetic equipment and
the upper bird is the magnetometer. During
survey the electromagnetic equipment is
carried 30 m above the ground.
BN-Islander mounted with tail sensor for aeromagnetic surveying.
Kangerlussuaq Airport, 1976.
Kangerlussuaq Airport, 1976.
The electromagnetic (GEOTEM) transmitter loop fixed at the nose of
the Geoterrex Ltd. Aircraft (Casa), Nuuk, 1995.
the Geoterrex Ltd. Aircraft (Casa), Nuuk, 1995.
History of modern airborne geo-
physical programmes
physical programmes
In the early nineties the Government of
Greenland was seeking new ways to stimu-
late mineral exploration in Greenland.
Greenland was seeking new ways to stimu-
late mineral exploration in Greenland.
Among other initiatives, a five-year pro-
gramme, AEM Greenland 19941998, of air-
borne combined electromagnetic and mag-
netic surveying was proposed by the prede-
cessor of the present day Bureau of Minerals
gramme, AEM Greenland 19941998, of air-
borne combined electromagnetic and mag-
netic surveying was proposed by the prede-
cessor of the present day Bureau of Minerals
and Petroleum. The survey areas were to be
chosen on the basis of potential for the dis-
covery of economic mineral deposits and to
demonstrate the general applicability of air-
borne methods in the various terrains in
chosen on the basis of potential for the dis-
covery of economic mineral deposits and to
demonstrate the general applicability of air-
borne methods in the various terrains in
3
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
Aircraft (Casa) outfitted for geophysical surveying. The electromagnetic
transmitter loop is fixed to the wing tips, tail and nose, Thule Airbase,
1994.
transmitter loop is fixed to the wing tips, tail and nose, Thule Airbase,
1994.
Aircraft (Piper Navajo Chieftain) outfitted for hyperspectral surveying.
Kangerlussuaq Airport, 2002.
Kangerlussuaq Airport, 2002.
In West Greenland the spectacular 20 000 nT anomaly of the Isua banded iron formation measured at a survey altitude of 300 m can easily be
located on the aeromagnetic total field anomaly map (right part) from project Aeromag 1998.
located on the aeromagnetic total field anomaly map (right part) from project Aeromag 1998.
Greenland. Simultaneously with the AEM
programme, another airborne project,
Aeromag, was soon after started and
financed by the authorities, producing a
regional coverage of high-quality aeromag-
netic data. The total coverage of the various
airborne methods is shown in a number of
index maps. Management of the airborne
programme and the handling and interpreta-
tion of the data was contracted to the Geo-
logical Survey GEUS (formerly GGU), while
the surveys were flown by commercial geo-
physical contractors after international ten-
der.
programme, another airborne project,
Aeromag, was soon after started and
financed by the authorities, producing a
regional coverage of high-quality aeromag-
netic data. The total coverage of the various
airborne methods is shown in a number of
index maps. Management of the airborne
programme and the handling and interpreta-
tion of the data was contracted to the Geo-
logical Survey GEUS (formerly GGU), while
the surveys were flown by commercial geo-
physical contractors after international ten-
der.
Major airborne geophysical surveys conduc-
ted in Greenland are then:
ted in Greenland are then:
· Aeromagnetics
· Airborne electromagnetics
· Hyperspectral mesurements
· Aeroradiometry
· Airborne electromagnetics
· Hyperspectral mesurements
· Aeroradiometry
The examples in this issue of 'Geology & Ore'
provide an overview of high-resolution geo-
physical data from the airborne geophysical
survey programmes since 1992. The projects
'Aeromag' and `AEM Greenland 19941998'
have shown that airborne geophysical meth-
ods can be utilised with success under the
arctic climatic and logistical conditions in
Greenland.
provide an overview of high-resolution geo-
physical data from the airborne geophysical
survey programmes since 1992. The projects
'Aeromag' and `AEM Greenland 19941998'
have shown that airborne geophysical meth-
ods can be utilised with success under the
arctic climatic and logistical conditions in
Greenland.
Aim of the modern airborne
surveys
surveys
In addition to the short-term objective of
stimulating mineral exploration, another pur-
pose of the programmes was to provide a
lasting database of high quality geophysical
data that could give a new dimension to the
understanding of the geology of Greenland.
stimulating mineral exploration, another pur-
pose of the programmes was to provide a
lasting database of high quality geophysical
data that could give a new dimension to the
understanding of the geology of Greenland.
The airborne geophysics initiative did not
4
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
The Aeromag surveys
Aeromag Aeromag
Aeromag
Aeromag
197576 1992
199599 2001
Region
Central West
Central West
South and West
West
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
Size of area km
2
60 000
8 600
210 000
31 400
Line km
52 000
10 100
440 000
70 000
Areas for acquisition of geophysical data
from
A) the programme on airborne magnetic
and electromagnetic measurements in
Greenland 1992-2001, and
from
A) the programme on airborne magnetic
and electromagnetic measurements in
Greenland 1992-2001, and
B) survey programmes comprising aeroradio-
metric and hyperspectral measurements
from 1972 to 2002.
metric and hyperspectral measurements
from 1972 to 2002.
A
stand on its own. The search for minerals
was actively supported and promoted by the
Government of Greenland in other ways:
· legal, regulatory and financial incentives
· creation of favourable commercial
was actively supported and promoted by the
Government of Greenland in other ways:
· legal, regulatory and financial incentives
· creation of favourable commercial
conditions
· attention to the industry's need for good
quality geo-science data
· financing of specific projects carried out
by GEUS
After a decade of data acquisition thousands
of geophysical maps have been produced
of geophysical maps have been produced
and presented to the mining and exploration
community. All the data behind maps are
available from the GEUS' databases, and the
high quality of the data will ensure their use
for many years into the future.
community. All the data behind maps are
available from the GEUS' databases, and the
high quality of the data will ensure their use
for many years into the future.
The Aeromag surveys
The Aeromag projects encompass high-reso-
lution magnetic surveys conducted in 1992,
each of the years from 1995 to 1999 and in
2001, producing a total of nearly 520 000
line kilometres. Initial measurements were
carried out in West Greenland 19751976,
producing around 50 000 line kilometres,
but these data should now be considered to
be superseded by the modern data.
lution magnetic surveys conducted in 1992,
each of the years from 1995 to 1999 and in
2001, producing a total of nearly 520 000
line kilometres. Initial measurements were
carried out in West Greenland 19751976,
producing around 50 000 line kilometres,
but these data should now be considered to
be superseded by the modern data.
High-quality, high-resolution magnetic data
are now available for the total ice-free area
of West and South Greenland from the
southern tip of Greenland to Svartenhuk
Peninsula, covering an area of approximately
250 000 km
are now available for the total ice-free area
of West and South Greenland from the
southern tip of Greenland to Svartenhuk
Peninsula, covering an area of approximately
250 000 km
2
. Most of the yearly surveys
have mainly covered onshore areas. However,
the survey in 2001 north of Nuussuaq and
the survey1997 in the Disko Bay region, also
included significant offshore areas.
Approximately one third of the 2001 survey
region is offshore, and includes an area well
known for its importance in relation to the
understanding of the offshore hydrocarbon
potential.
the survey in 2001 north of Nuussuaq and
the survey1997 in the Disko Bay region, also
included significant offshore areas.
Approximately one third of the 2001 survey
region is offshore, and includes an area well
known for its importance in relation to the
understanding of the offshore hydrocarbon
potential.
Generally, the Aeromag type of survey is car-
ried out by flying along a gently draped sur-
face 300 m above the ground and sea level.
Survey lines are typically aligned in NS direc-
tion with a separation of 5001000 m.
Orthogonal tie-lines are flown with a separa-
tion of 5000 m. Total magnetic field data are
recorded with a sampling rate of 0.1 sec
which corresponds to a sampling distance of
7 m.
ried out by flying along a gently draped sur-
face 300 m above the ground and sea level.
Survey lines are typically aligned in NS direc-
tion with a separation of 5001000 m.
Orthogonal tie-lines are flown with a separa-
tion of 5000 m. Total magnetic field data are
recorded with a sampling rate of 0.1 sec
which corresponds to a sampling distance of
7 m.
5
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
The airborne electromagnetic surveys
AEM
1994
19951996
1997
1998
Region
North-West
South and West
Central East
North
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
Size of area km
2
6 500
6 800
5 200
4 900
Line km
17 400
29 200
14 000
4 500
B
6
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
Coverage of government financed high-resolution airborne geophysi-
cal surveys in the period 1992-2001. The data shown are magnetic
total field anomalies. The large coherent region outlines the
Greenland aeromagnetic surveys Aeromag 1992-2001. The six smaller
groups show the coverage from combined electromagnetic and mag-
netic measurements in project AEM Greenland 1994-1998.
cal surveys in the period 1992-2001. The data shown are magnetic
total field anomalies. The large coherent region outlines the
Greenland aeromagnetic surveys Aeromag 1992-2001. The six smaller
groups show the coverage from combined electromagnetic and mag-
netic measurements in project AEM Greenland 1994-1998.
Aircraft positional data from simultaneous
GPS (Global Positioning System) measure-
ments, as well as aircraft altitude measure-
ments obtained from barometric altimeter
and radar were recorded, and position meas-
urements are presented as digital terrain
models.
GPS (Global Positioning System) measure-
ments, as well as aircraft altitude measure-
ments obtained from barometric altimeter
and radar were recorded, and position meas-
urements are presented as digital terrain
models.
The airborne electromagnetic
surveys
surveys
The AEM Greenland 19941998 detailed
surveys with combined electromagnetic and
magnetic measurements were carried out in
six selected areas of expected high mineral
potential during the project, covering addi-
tional 25 000 km
surveys with combined electromagnetic and
magnetic measurements were carried out in
six selected areas of expected high mineral
potential during the project, covering addi-
tional 25 000 km
2
The AEM surveys include transient electro-
magnetic data (GEOTEM) and combined
multi-coil frequency domain data and VLF-
data. Magnetic total field measurements are
also available from all surveyed areas.
magnetic data (GEOTEM) and combined
multi-coil frequency domain data and VLF-
data. Magnetic total field measurements are
also available from all surveyed areas.
Various terrains have been covered, including
Inglefield Land in North-West Greenland, the
ManiitsoqNuuk region in southern West
Greenland, the Grønnedal region in South-
Inglefield Land in North-West Greenland, the
ManiitsoqNuuk region in southern West
Greenland, the Grønnedal region in South-
7
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
Map outlining the magnetic total field in an area north of the Nuussuaq peninsula, central West Greenland, Aeromag 2001.
8
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
Amplitude of GEOTEM X-coil receiver at 560 microseconds turn-off time of transmitter signal for the AEM Greenland 1994 survey in Inglefield
Land, North-West Greenland.
Land, North-West Greenland.
Results of multiple-layer inversion of data from the AEM Greenland 1994 survey in Inglefield Land, North-West Greenland.
West Greenland, Jameson Land in central
East Greenland, Washington Land and
Daugaard-Jensen Land in western North
Greenland and J. C. Christensen Land in
eastern North Greenland. Additional recon-
naissance lines were measured adjacent to
some of the main survey areas.
In total, 75 000 line km covering an area of
23 000 km
East Greenland, Washington Land and
Daugaard-Jensen Land in western North
Greenland and J. C. Christensen Land in
eastern North Greenland. Additional recon-
naissance lines were measured adjacent to
some of the main survey areas.
In total, 75 000 line km covering an area of
23 000 km
2
were measured in the project.
The project was initiated and designed to
encourage mineral exploration. Thus, at the
start of the project all holders of prospecting
and exploration licenses in Greenland were
contacted to solicit views on possible target
areas for the five-year period. The selection
of areas was primarily guided by the know-
ledge of mineral occurrences but also to
some extent by a wish to cover different
types of geological settings. In addition to
the government-financed surveys, several
encourage mineral exploration. Thus, at the
start of the project all holders of prospecting
and exploration licenses in Greenland were
contacted to solicit views on possible target
areas for the five-year period. The selection
of areas was primarily guided by the know-
ledge of mineral occurrences but also to
some extent by a wish to cover different
types of geological settings. In addition to
the government-financed surveys, several
9
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
3D image of hillside near Kangerlussuaq
Airport, West Greenland, created during
HyperGreen 2001.
Airport, West Greenland, created during
HyperGreen 2001.
Close-up on the type of magnetic anomaly from the Sarfartoq carbonatite complex, southern
West Greenland. The centre of the complex is marked by a high magnetic field caused by the
presence of magnetite. The surrounding magnetic low is caused by hydrothermal alteration of
the host rocks, Aeromag 1999.
West Greenland. The centre of the complex is marked by a high magnetic field caused by the
presence of magnetite. The surrounding magnetic low is caused by hydrothermal alteration of
the host rocks, Aeromag 1999.
companies undertook surveys of a similar
type, often in adjacent areas to the govern-
ment-organised activities, exploiting an
option in the contract between the Survey
and the geophysical contractor whereby the
mobilisation costs to and from Greenland
could be disregarded for the prospecting
company.
type, often in adjacent areas to the govern-
ment-organised activities, exploiting an
option in the contract between the Survey
and the geophysical contractor whereby the
mobilisation costs to and from Greenland
could be disregarded for the prospecting
company.
The activities sparked a considerable interest
from the prospecting companies after the
yearly release of data from the 19941998
surveys, and it has been confirmed that mod-
ern high-resolution geophysical data are of
paramount importance in the search for min-
eral deposits. Although none of the targets
located by the surveys and checked have so
from the prospecting companies after the
yearly release of data from the 19941998
surveys, and it has been confirmed that mod-
ern high-resolution geophysical data are of
paramount importance in the search for min-
eral deposits. Although none of the targets
located by the surveys and checked have so
far resulted in an occurrence of economic
importance, the data contain much valuable
information to be used in a continued search
for mineral accumulations.
importance, the data contain much valuable
information to be used in a continued search
for mineral accumulations.
The hypersprectral Surveys
Data acquisition is based on the HyMap
TM
hyperspectral imaging spectrometer, which
collects Hyperspectral data from 126 bands
across the reflective solar wavelength region
of 0.452.5 nm with bandwidths between
1520 nm, and a signal to noise ratio better
than 500:1.
collects Hyperspectral data from 126 bands
across the reflective solar wavelength region
of 0.452.5 nm with bandwidths between
1520 nm, and a signal to noise ratio better
than 500:1.
For Greenland, the known mineral occur-
rences surveyed with this new technique will
provide a good reference base for the evalu-
rences surveyed with this new technique will
provide a good reference base for the evalu-
10
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
Equivalent uranium (eU) in South Greenland, based on gamma-spectrometric measurements during the airborne campaign 1980-81.
The hyperspectral survey
HyperGreen
20002001
2002
Region
Central East
Central West
Greenland Greenland
Size of area km
2
2 500
8 000
Line km
2 000
6 000
ation and assessment of hyperspectral data
processing techniques in mineral exploration
and geological mapping in arctic environ-
ments. Occurrences associated with hydro-
thermal alteration, which is hosted by a wide
range of igneous and sedimentary litholo-
gies, have a distinct signature in the meas-
ured bands. It is expected that the statistical
treatment of the data by GEUS will locate
new targets with mineralogical characteristics
related to the presence of economically inter-
esting mineral accumulations.
processing techniques in mineral exploration
and geological mapping in arctic environ-
ments. Occurrences associated with hydro-
thermal alteration, which is hosted by a wide
range of igneous and sedimentary litholo-
gies, have a distinct signature in the meas-
ured bands. It is expected that the statistical
treatment of the data by GEUS will locate
new targets with mineralogical characteristics
related to the presence of economically inter-
esting mineral accumulations.
The first campaign was carried out in East
Greenland 20002001 and was concerned
with environmental aspects of the former
leadzinc mine at Mestersvig, and known
mineral occurrences at various locations in
the region. In 2002 a new hyperspectral sur-
vey was conducted in central West Green-
land under a contract with the Bureau of
Minerals and Petroleum. The survey opera-
tions were primarily directed towards the
kimberlite province in the area.
GEUS manages the project and handled the
supporting field work and results.
Greenland 20002001 and was concerned
with environmental aspects of the former
leadzinc mine at Mestersvig, and known
mineral occurrences at various locations in
the region. In 2002 a new hyperspectral sur-
vey was conducted in central West Green-
land under a contract with the Bureau of
Minerals and Petroleum. The survey opera-
tions were primarily directed towards the
kimberlite province in the area.
GEUS manages the project and handled the
supporting field work and results.
The aeroradiometric survey
Aeroradiometric data (acquired as gamma-
ray measurements) have been used to quan-
tify and describe the radioactivity of rocks in
Greenland since the early 1970s. The major
part of the gamma-ray signal originates in
the upper 2025 cm of surficial rock materi-
als, and therefore the method is a good tool
for geological mapping. The gamma-spec-
trometer is mounted in an aircraft that is
flown over an area at low altitude, in the
range 30150 m. Size of the total gamma
exposure is estimated by combining the data
from the uranium, thorium and potassium
data channels. Different types of contour
maps of the measurements or ratios of com-
ray measurements) have been used to quan-
tify and describe the radioactivity of rocks in
Greenland since the early 1970s. The major
part of the gamma-ray signal originates in
the upper 2025 cm of surficial rock materi-
als, and therefore the method is a good tool
for geological mapping. The gamma-spec-
trometer is mounted in an aircraft that is
flown over an area at low altitude, in the
range 30150 m. Size of the total gamma
exposure is estimated by combining the data
from the uranium, thorium and potassium
data channels. Different types of contour
maps of the measurements or ratios of com-
binations of channels are produced and used
for the interpretation of geological features.
for the interpretation of geological features.
A large part of the data gathered from
Greenland areas (19721976), however, are
in an analogue form and with irregular track-
ing lines along terrain contours and thus not
suitable for up to date map presentation.
Greenland areas (19721976), however, are
in an analogue form and with irregular track-
ing lines along terrain contours and thus not
suitable for up to date map presentation.
The correlation of early airborne radiometric
measurements with the geology has been
done visually and typically based on the
studying of anomalies from the different
channels. Results from that type of compari-
son have led to recognition of several geo-
logical structures and rock associations of rel-
evance to mineral exploration. As examples,
some of the promising targets of the present
day exploration, e.g. the Sarfartoq carbon-
atite complex and the Motzfeldt alkaline cen-
tre in West and South-West Greenland, were
recognised this way.
measurements with the geology has been
done visually and typically based on the
studying of anomalies from the different
channels. Results from that type of compari-
son have led to recognition of several geo-
logical structures and rock associations of rel-
evance to mineral exploration. As examples,
some of the promising targets of the present
day exploration, e.g. the Sarfartoq carbon-
atite complex and the Motzfeldt alkaline cen-
tre in West and South-West Greenland, were
recognised this way.
Closing remarks
The series of publicly funded geophysical sur-
veys in Greenland are intended to provide
the industry and the geoscientific community
with data relevant for the exploration for
mineral resources. The modern survey pro-
gramme has added more than 600 000 line
kilometres of high-quality measurements to
the existing database of airborne geophysical
data from Greenland. The data have already
been used extensively by the exploration
industry and will continue to be useful for
many years to come. High-resolution geo-
physical data are certainly an investment for
the future.
veys in Greenland are intended to provide
the industry and the geoscientific community
with data relevant for the exploration for
mineral resources. The modern survey pro-
gramme has added more than 600 000 line
kilometres of high-quality measurements to
the existing database of airborne geophysical
data from Greenland. The data have already
been used extensively by the exploration
industry and will continue to be useful for
many years to come. High-resolution geo-
physical data are certainly an investment for
the future.
Access to modern high-quality geophysical
data is an essential tool if exploration is to be
effective. The airborne geophysical measure-
ments carried out in Greenland represent
data is an essential tool if exploration is to be
effective. The airborne geophysical measure-
ments carried out in Greenland represent
data acquisitions up to international best
practise, comparable with data furnished for
regional exploration and mapping by other
national Geological Surveys: the data collect-
ed in Greenland since 1992 form an impor-
tant contribution to the development of min-
eral exploration.
practise, comparable with data furnished for
regional exploration and mapping by other
national Geological Surveys: the data collect-
ed in Greenland since 1992 form an impor-
tant contribution to the development of min-
eral exploration.
Maps, digital data on CD-ROM's and
accompanying reports are obtainable
from GEUS at cost.
accompanying reports are obtainable
from GEUS at cost.
Key references
Armour-Brown, A., Tukiainen, T. & Wallin, B. 1981:
Uranium districts in South Greenland, Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 105, 5155
Nielsen, B.L. & Larsen, H.C. 1974:
Airborne geo-
physical survey in central East Greenland, Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 65, 7376
Rasmussen, T. M. 1999:
Airborne electromagnetic
and magnetic survey of Washington Land and
Daugaard Jensen Land, western North Greenland.
Results from project AEM Greenland 1998. Danmarks
og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport
1999/11, 19 pp.
Rasmussen, T. M. & van Gool, J. A. M. 2000:
Aeromagnetic survey in southern West Greenland:
project Aeromag 1999. Geology of Greenland Survey
Bulletin 186, 7377.
Rasmussen, T.M., Thorning, L., Stemp, R.W.,
Jørgensen, M.S. & Schjøth, F.:
AEM Greenland
19941998 - summary report. Copenhagen: Danmarks
og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport
2001/58, 46 pp. + 1 CD-ROM.
Schjøth, F., Steenfelt, A. & Thorning, L. 1996:
Regional compilations of geoscience data from Inglefield
Land, North-West Greenland. Thematic Map Series
Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 96/1, 35 pp + 51
maps.
Secher, K. 1976:
Airborne radiometric survey between
66º and 69º N, Southern West Greenland, Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 80, 6567.
Secher, K. 1977:
Airborne radiometric survey between
63º and 60º N, south-ern West Greenland. Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 85, 4950.
Stemp, R. W. 1996a:
Airborne electromagnetic and
11
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D
The aeroradiometric survey
Gammaspec
19721974
19751976
19791981
1996
Region
Central East
Central West
South
South-West
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
Size of area km
2
50 000
100 000
35 000
1 600
Line km
10 000
30 000
1 500
9 000
magnetic survey of the ManiitsoqNuuk area, south-
ern West Greenland. Results from project AEM
Greenland 1995. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske
Undersøgelse Rapport 1996/11, 34 pp.
Stemp, R. W. 1996b
: Airborne geophysical surveys
applied to diamond exploration in Greenland. Some
results from project AEM Greenland 1995. Danmarks
og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport
1996/84, 21 pp.
Stemp, R.W. 1997:
Helicopter-borne geophysical sur-
veys in the Grønnedal region, South-West Greenland.
Results from Project AEM Greenland 1996. Danmarks
og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport
1997/12, 76 pp.
Stemp, R. W. 1998:
Airborne electromagnetic and
magnetic survey of the northern Jameson Land area,
central East Greenland. Results from project AEM
Greenland 1997. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske
Undersøgelse Rapport 1998/18, 42 pp.
Steenfelt, A., Nielsen, T.F.D. & Stendal, H. 2000:
Mineral resource potential of South Greenland. Review
of new digital data sets, Danmarks og Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 2000/50, 47 pp.
Thorning, L. 1984:
Aeromagnetic maps of parts of
southern and central West Greenland, Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 122, 36 pp.
Thorning, L. & Stemp, R.W. 1997:
Project Aeromag
1995 and Aeromag 1996. Results from aeromagnetic
surveys over South Greenland (1995) and South-West
and southern West Greenland (1996). Danmarks og
Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 1997/11.
44 pp
Tukiainen, T. 2001:
Projects MINEO and
HyperGreen: airborne hyperspectral data acquisi-
tion in East Greenland for environmental moni-
toring and mineral exploration. Geology of
Greenland Survey Bulletin 189, 122126
12
GEOLOGY AND ORE 3 / 2003
Authors
Thorkild M. Rasmussen, Leif Thorning
& Karsten Secher
Editor
Karsten Secher, GEUS
Graphic Production
Henrik Klinge Pedersen, GEUS
Printed
March 2003
Printers
Schultz Grafisk
Cessna Grand Caravan from Sander Geophysics Ltd. with tail mounted magnetometer travers-
es snow-covered terrain at the Nuussuaq peninsula in central West Greenland, Aeromag 1997.
es snow-covered terrain at the Nuussuaq peninsula in central West Greenland, Aeromag 1997.
Front cover photograph:
Close up of the electromagnetic transmitter loop fixed to the wings of the Geoterrrex Ltd.
CASA aircraft. Thule Airbase 1994. Photo: Jakob Lautrup, GEUS.
CASA aircraft. Thule Airbase 1994. Photo: Jakob Lautrup, GEUS.
Greenland Resources A/S
Vandsøvej 5
P.O. Box 821
DK-3900 Nuuk
Greenland
Tel: (+299) 32 79 13
Fax.: (+299) 32 79 14
E-mail: gras@greennet.gl
Internet: www.resources.gl
Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum
(BMP)
Government of Greenland
P.O. Box 930
DK-3900 Nuuk
Greenland
Tel: (+299) 34 68 00
Fax.: (+299) 32 43 02
E-mail: bmp@gh.gl
Internet: www.bmp.gl
Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland (GEUS)
Øster Voldgade 10
DK-1350 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Tel: (+45) 38 14 20 00
Fax.: (+45) 38 14 20 50
E-mail: geus@geus.dk
Internet: www.geus.dk
Last modified: July 23, 2003
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