Geology and Ore, March 2002

More than 25 years of geological
mapping and exploration in South
Greenland have demonstrated the
existence of geological environments,
where gold mineralisations have de-
veloped and potentials for viable gold
deposits exist. During this period a
number of private companies have been
engaged in exploration activities,
including field investigations and dia-
mond drillings. The Geological Survey
has provided systematic geological
and geochemical mapping, as well as
airborne geophysical surveys includ-
ing radiometry, magnetometry and
EM measurements. A number of geo-
logical map sheets in scale 1:100 000
and 1:500 000 are issued. Stream sedi-
ment geochemistry analyses have
been used to compile a comprehen-
sive geochemical atlas, and geophysi-
cal maps are available in varying
scales depending on locality. The
Survey (GEUS) has issued a CD-ROM
including much of the available data
in geo-referenced formats.

Geological setting

South Greenland is dominated by the Palaeo-
proterozic Ketilidian Orogen (19001750
Ma), which covers the southern tip of
Greenland. The middle Proterozic Gardar
province includes pronounced intrusive
complexes (13001120 Ma) in the central
part of the area. The environments for gold
deposition can be grouped into several
different geological scenarios:
· Archaean foreland composed of high-

grade gneisses serving as a basement
to Palaeoproterozoic volcano-sedimen-
tary successions

· Archaean border zone affected by

Ketilidian orogenesis

· A magmatic arc represented by the

30,000 km

, calc-alkaline Julianehåb

Batholith and segments of volcano-sed-
imentary sequences interrelated in

· The Psammite Zone south of the

batholith composed of metasediments
and locally volcanic rocks that are de-
formed and sometimes migmatised and

· The Pelite zone located most southerly

and composed of turbiditic sedimenta-
ry rocks, which are highly deformed
and migmatised. The supracrustal suc-
cessions are intruded by a rapakivi suite
between 17551732 Ma.

Gold and pathfinder elements

The gold potential of South Greenland is
indicated in the geochemical mapping by
the distribution of high values for gold
(Au) and pathfinder elements like
arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in the fine
fractions (<0,1 mm) of stream sediments.
Using this information together with gold
anomalies in bedrock and in heavy mineral
concentrates of stream sediments, the
presently recognised potential for gold
mineralisations are focussed to specific
regions and smaller areas.

The most prospective areas are around

the Sermiligaarsuk Fjord, at the southern
margin of the Julianehåb Batholith domain,
and within large parts of the Psammite
Zone.

Gold occurs in various settings
and localities:

· Archaean Tartoq Group greenstone

Sermiligaarsuk

· Palaeoproterozoic Border Zone

Arsuk and Kobberminebugt

· Julianehåb Batholith

Qoorormiut, Niaqornaarsuk, Igutsaat

· At the border between Julianehåb

batholith and Psammite Zone
Kangerluluk and Sorte Nunatak

· Psammite Zone

Nalunaq, Lake 410, Ippatit and Kutseq

A visit to these localities will reveal a vari-
ety of environments and mineral occur-
rences. They are briefly described here
with emphasis on the geological setting
and including some important analytical
results.

Sermiligaarsuk

In the Sermiligaarsuk, the Tartoq Group
greenstone belt overlies Archaean gneiss.
The basement gneiss has ages ranging
from 29803500 Ma and Taartoq
supracrustals are assumed to be late
Archaean, deposited between 2500 and
3000 Ma, and older than the uncon-
formably superimposed Palaeoproterozoic
Ketilidian sediments and volcanics (several
km thick). The Tartoq Group greenstone
belt is exposed in several sub-areas along
the Sermiligaarsuk Fjord.

Gold formation is confined to linear

belts and carbonate-rich zones. The car-
bonate-rich zones are composed of several
individual, 410 m wide units of carbonate
schists, where gold occurs in two principal
forms within the carbonate succession:

1) In disseminated pyrite in quartz-

ankerite lenses (up to 2 m by 10 m)
and in pyrite accumulations associated
with massive arsenopyrite aggregates.
In the quartz association gold occurs as
discrete inclusions in pyrite. Other sul-
phides include arsenopyrite, chalcopy-
rite, tennantite, and chalcocite. The
highest grade recorded for gold is 50
g/t, but typical values are 58 g/t.

2) In association with massive and banded

pyritearsenopyrite aggregates in meta-
chert grading into highly disseminated
arsenopyrite quartz (recrystallised

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

Gold mineralisation and gold
potential in South Greenland

Kobberminebugt

100 km

Geological map around Sermiligaarsuk in
South Greenland.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

chert) masses, which are up to 1 m by
30 m along strike. The average grade
of gold is 815 g/t. Gold occurs as tiny
inclusions, mainly in pyrite.

Gold is thought to have been introduced
into the Taartoq greenstones during the
formation of stratiform exhalites with
massive-sulphide and chert. Regional
metamorphism resulted in recrystallization
and segregation of the chert into compact
quartz bodies and residual massive-sul-
phide. Subsequent episodes of shearing
and intensive carbonate alteration along
the shear zones, lead to the liberation and
accumulation of gold.

The gold occurrences in the Taartoq

supracrustals are assumed to be deposited
between 25003000 Ma, and are so far
the only Archaean gold mineralisation in
South Greenland. An extensive exploration
activity has been carried out in the area
including several diamond drillings and
geophysical surveying.

Arsuk Ø

Arsuk Ø is located within the Border Zone
of the Ketilidian mobile belt. On this
island there are exposed supracrustal suc-
cessions of volcanics and metasediments.
Bands of mafic metavolcanics, up to 300
m thick, are intercalated within the
metasediments. This mixed sequence of
volcanics and sediments is overlain by
more than 3000 m of pillow lavas, vol-
canic breccias, agglomerates, tuffs and
massive mafic lava flows.

A number of small mineralisations are

located on Arsuk Ø. Contents of gold,
zinc and copper are generally low; two
settings are usually recognized:

1) rusty chert horizons in the pillow lava

sequence and

2) quartz veins in the pillow lava

sequence.

Samples show up to 300 ppb gold. The
copper content reaches close to 2000
ppm in rusty metabasic rocks and Zn con-
tents up to nearly 900 ppm are recorded
in tuff within disseminated sulphides.

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

A view at the Tartoq Group greenstones (dark) with intercalations of meta-chert layers
(light), hosting gold occurrences, eastern part of Sermiligaarsuk. Persons for scale.

Close-up of solid pyrite-arsenopyrite layer partly malachite stained, eastern Sermiligaarsuk.
Hammer head is 10 cm.

View of basic metavolcanics at Blaalershavn, eastern Arsuk Ø.

Kobberminebugt

The copper-gold occurrence is hosted by
metavolcanic lithologies of the Ilordleq
Group, composed of tuffaceous/rhyolitic
lithologies and greenschists. Faults and
shear zones are locally mineralised with
bornite and chalcocite. A major Cu-miner-
alisation has been located in a fault zone,
which is co-planar with the lithological
interfaces in the host rocks and separates
mylonitic felsitic schist in the footwall
from amphibolite schist in the hanging
wall. The fault zone is c.130 cm wide, but
the sulphide rich layer only makes up
some 32 cm of this at places. The bornite-
chalcocite lenses have accessory ilmenite,
magnetite, chalcopyrite and electrum. The
ore is suggested to be of hydrothermal
origin. Chalcopyrite and locally bornite is
disseminated in the greenstones hosting
the ore, in the area from Josva Mine east-
wards to Rinks Havn, with up to 5 vol.%
of sulphides.

The average copper content in the ore

vein is 3.5%, but percentages of c. 5%
are noted in limited parts in upper levels.
The ore contains up to 1.5 ppm gold and
consistently high silver content up 250 ppm.

This ore body was actually mined

19041915. Total production from the
Josva Mine did not exceed 90 tons of cop-
per extracted from 2200 tons of ore with
small additional amounts of gold (0.5 kg)

and silver (50 kg). The size of the remain-
ing ore body at Josva Mine is estimated to
be 20003000 tons of ore containing
3040 tons of copper. The potential of the
disseminated ore in the vicinity has not
been calculated.

Qoorormiut

The gold occurrence in the Qoorormiut
Valley is associated with quartz veins in
amphibolite dykes hosted in granite of the
Julianehåb Batholith. A number of genera-

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

Julianehåb granite

Greenstone
Greenstone with
disseminated sulphide
Fault

Fault with ore breccia

Kobberminebugt

100 km

Geological map around Arsuk Ø and
Kobberminebugt in South Greenland.

Close-up of the Josva Mine copper vein with solid bornite. Knife for scale.

Detailed geological map around Josva Mine, showing location of the mineralisation.

tions of quartz veins, more or less de-
formed, can be identified. The quartz
veins all strike NE-E with a steep westerly
dip. They are 0.55 m wide, rarely up to
10 m, and discontinuous, but can be fol-
lowed up to 200 m along strike. The latest
un-deformed quartz veins are associated

with a gold-sulphide mineralisation.

Several stages of mineralisation are

identified including pyrite, arsenopyrite,
gold, electrum, galena-vikingite, chalcopy-
rite and spahlerite. Fluid inclusion studies
show that the gold is precipitated from
the CO

-CH

fluids. The temperature for-

mation of the mineralisation is 200400°C
at a pressure between 0.5 and 1.5 kbar.

The gold concentration varies signifi-

cantly in this type of mesothermal gold
mineralisation and reaches 380 ppm in
narrow silicified shear zones. Chip samples
from preliminary exploration activities
resulted in assay results between 114 ppm
and 147 ppm gold. Later re-sampling by
GEUS, however, could not reproduce high-
er values than 14 ppm gold.

Niaqornaarsuk

The gold mineralisation in the Niaqorna-
arsuk valley is related to quartz veins,
meta-basic rocks, hydrothermally altered
granite and aplite within the Julianehåb
Batholith. Two different types of minerali-
sation are present:

1. gold and sulphide bearing veins
2. molybdenite-quartz veins

The molybdenite-quartz veins (2) do not
carry significant gold (<100 ppb). The
gold-mineralisation (1) within the
hydrothermal alteration halo contains

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

The smelting plant at the Josva Mine, 1911.

Geological map of the QoorormiutNiaqornaarsuk area.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

traces of Fe-sulphides (sulphidation) and
locally arsenopyrite containing 50200 ppb
gold. Up to 3400 ppb gold has been
found in rusty and altered diorite-gabbro
in the lower Niaqornaarsuk valley.

The structural fabric is compatible with

the regional sinistral shear zone move-

ment with a NNE-trend and controls the
location of gold mineralisation on Niaqor-
naarsuk peninsula. The gold mineralisation
is located near the roof of the Julianehåb
Batholith and is characteristic by the ele-
ment association Au-Bi-(As-Mo-W).

Ippatit and Lake 410

The Ippatit and Lake 410 occurrences are
hosted in Ketilidian amphibolites, which
are interpreted to represent a suite of
pyroclastic rocks, lavas, pillow lavas, and
dolerites. Associated meta-sediments in

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

A look along the
`Amphibolite Ridge',
hosting mineralised
quartz veins.
Mountaineers on the
slope for scale.

Granodiorite, hydrothermally altered,
Niaqornaarsuk.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

the area include stratiform, rusty sulphide-
and graphite-rich horizons. The amphibo-
lites host quartz veins with minor sul-
phides. The quartz veins are often associ-
ated with calc-silicate alterations.

The gold content is low; a rusty section

of bedded chert and graphitic schist
shows 20120 ppb Au and 5002000 ppm
As, and quartz veins in meta-pelites return
up to 830 ppb Au.

The host rock is considered to be part

of the same sheet of meta-volcanic rocks,
which also hosts the Nalunaq gold
prospect at Kirkespiret (see map above).
Within the central Nanortalik peninsula,
the amphibolite sheet has been disrupted

and partly engulfed by late granite diapirs,
dated to app. 1805 Ma. The gold miner-
alised horizons at both Nalunaq and Lake

410 are located close to the roof of the
granite batholith.

The gold is concentrated in quartz-

veined amphibolite. The quartz veins are
sub-concordant and contain minor sul-
phides, mainly arsenopyrite and chalcopy-
rite. At both localities the gold contents
are found to be low, ranging from 20830
ppb associated with As in the range
5003000 ppm.

Nalunaq

The Nalunaq gold deposit is hosted in
meta-pelites and meta-basic rocks of
Ketilidian age (18501800 Ma). The supra-
crustal successions are intruded by post-
kinematic biotite granites and subsequent-
ly by anorogenic rapakivi granites around
1750 Ma. The host rocks represent a
thrust sheet overlying molasse-type sedi-
ments deposited in a marginal basin in the
Ketilidian orogen.

Two major gold-bearing veins occur

along a NE-striking ductile thrust zone
dipping 40º to 55ºSE. The gold mineralisa-
tion is epigenetic and resides in quartz-
veins and in calc-silicate altered shears
sub-parallel to the foliation. The `Main
Vein' of Nalunaq has so far been estimated
to be 1700 m long and 0.1 to 2 m wide.

The gold is genetically related to metal-

liferous fluids associated with the emplace-
ment of late intrusive stages of the

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

Geological map of the
Nanortalik peninsula.

Visible gold in Nalunaq quartz veins.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

3 mm

Julianehåb Batholith granites (18001770
Ma) followed by local remobilisation.
Preliminary interpretation of the fluid
inclusion data suggests precipitation of
gold at 525575ºC and about 2.5 kbar.
Measured and indicated resources are
292,000 ounces of gold with an average
grade of 25 g/t. As inferred resources
718,000 ounces of gold are considered
ore averaging 19 g/t Au. The Nalunaq
deposit is expected to go into production
during 2003.

Kutseq

In the area around Kutseq fjord on the
southeast coast of Greenland, mineralised
amphibolite rocks are intercalated within a
sequence of psammite and semi-pelitite
gneiss. An arsenic-gold association is host-
ed in shear zones and in dykes in the am-
phibolites. The mineralised shear zones
vary from abundant small horizons 1020
cm thick and 1012 m long, to large
shear structures up to 12 m across and
500600 m long.

Gold is found within occurrences of

sulpho-arsenides and arsenides. Up to a

few vol.% of disseminated pyrrhotite and
arsenopyrite occur within the shear zones.
The element contents vary significantly with
gold concentrations up to 38.5 ppm and
arsenic concentrations up to 6%. Slightly
discordant felsic dykes (1040 cm) carry
pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite. As-content
reaches 1.7% and gold is up to 200 ppb.

In the As-Au association, arsenopyrite

geothermometry suggests precipitation
temperatures for arsenopyrite-löllingite-
pyrrhotite and gold at 440560°C. Gold is
introduced during an early stage of the
formation and was partly re-mobilised
during cataclastic shear movements. It is
suggested that the As-Au association rep-
resents an epigentic mesothermal, lode
type of gold mineralisation with genetic
relations to the gold mineralisation in the
Nanortalik region (see above).

Kangerluluk

A gold-bearing sulphide mineralisation is
hosted by a 200300 m thick mafic vol-
cano-sedimentary supracrustal sequence
exposed over an area of app. 4 km

. The

supracrustals rest unconformably on gran-
ites and granodiorites of the Julianehåb
Batholith. The following lithofacies: con-
glomerate-sandstone, pyroclastics, mafic
volcanics, and a volumetrically subordinate
"peperitic" lithofacies represent the suc-
cession. The sequence has been subjected
to lower amphibolite facies metamor-
phism, but sedimentary and volcanic
structures are well preserved. At the locali-
ty `Sorte Nunatak' east of Kangerluluk a
similar type of mineralisation has been
observed.

Alteration and mineralisation

Syn-volcanic alteration: The volcanic
rocks were subjected to extensive, perva-
sive, syn-depositional hydrothermal alter-
ation and seawater interaction. The matrix
between pillows is dominated by epidote
and is very CaO rich (2430 wt%) but
shows no significant gold or copper accu-
mulation.

Early, post-volcanic alteration: Early
post-volcanic alteration mineral paragene-

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

Level 450

Level 400

Level 350

Upper

Block

Target

Block

Southern

Block

The Nalunaq Mountain with the socalled `Main Vein' as a yellow line. The mining camp is
located at the valley floor.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

ses within large faults or shear zones cut-
ting the supracrustal package.

The ore minerals related to a quartz

association are dominated by pyrrhotite
and pyrite (up to a few vol.%). Locally
massive pyrrhotite occurs at the contacts
between sediments and more massive
quartz veins. Up to 40 cm wide silicified
alteration halos with very high gold con-
centrations are associated with the quartz
veins. A grab sample from such a halo
contains 118 ppm gold.

Pyrite, chalcopyrite and microscopic visi-

ble gold occur in association with faults are
typical ore minerals in an epidote associa-
tion. Chip samples returned up to 3.3 ppm
Au and 1.6% Cu over half metre intervals.

Late, post-volcanic alteration: Late
alteration is characterised by bleaching
and metamorphic garnet overgrowth as
well as vein-related copper-gold minerali-
sation and brittle deformation with associ-
ated carbonate veining and silicification.

Only the copper association returned gold
in samples with up to 6.2 ppm Au and
1.8 wt% Cu.

Igutsaat

A major, 58 m thick rusty aplite sill striking
EW, is exposed in mafic rocks surrounded
by gneiss on the south side of Igusait Fjord.
The aplite contains 12 vol.% of pyrite in
disseminated form and also as veinlets.
The aplite yields up to 1.4 ppm Au. The
mineralisation is comparable to a similar
appearance on the SW coast of Greenland
within the Batholith Zone (Niaqornaarsuk).

Pb-isotopes and gold
emplacement

Pb-isotope studies of different mineral
occurrences in South Greenland indicate
two stages of gold emplacement. The first
stage is related to the regional deforma-
tion and metamorphism (17921785 Ma),

during which sediment-hosted gold was
epigenetically concentrated into shear
zones and veins.

The second stage seems related to late

hydrothermal activity. The source of Pb is
possibly a mixture of juvenile Pb from the
Julianehåb Batholith with some contribu-
tions from the host rocks around 1780 Ma.

The source indications for Pb in these

gold occurrences are a c. 2000 Ma old
reservoir, which probably is a mafic source,
because of the gold-copper association and
the lack of galena. It is concluded that the
initial gold mineralisation was genetically
related to metalliferous fluids associated
with the emplacement of late stages of the
Julianehåb Batholith (18001770 Ma) fol-
lowed by local remobilisation.

Gold potential in the
Palaeoproterozic

The gold occurrences in the Ketilidian
Orogen are classified as `Intrusion-related

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

200

100

300

400

500

600

700

800

Metasediments

396792, 396923,

CPD

441905, 441906,

396854, 441946,

NSZ

441947, 441948

441931, 441942,

441943, 441944

441939, 441940,

441963, 441964

441968

441949,

441950,

441958

441974

396883, 396884, 396885,
396911, 396912, 396913,

441955, 441956, 441957

Major zone

Kutseq Fjord

500 m

396751,

396756,

396768

441915

441937

396784,
396785,

396786

441971

441960, 441961

441914, 441920,
441921, 441922,

Mafic sequence
Glacier
As-Au association
Fe-Ti association

Lake 190

Geological map of the Kutseq area, South-East Greenland.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

Gold Systems'. The gold occurrences are
found both within the Julianehåb Batholith
and outside as proximal deposits.

Within the batholith, gold is associated

to veins, shears, and sheets in a Au-Bi-W-
(Mo) type of mineralisation with dissemi-
nated gold. Capping the batholith a Cu-Au
association is found in mafic volcanic rocks.
Proximal to the batholith quartz veins are
carrying Au-As mineralisation in mafic
rocks, presently the most promising (e.g.
Nalunaq).

Concluding remarks

Gold mineralised occurrences in South
Greenland are demonstrated to be located
within two major geological environments,
the Archaean and the Palaeoproterozoic.
During exploration activity in the 1980s
and the 1990s the knowledge about gold-
mineralisations has been increased and
refined and consequently the potential for
locating viable gold deposits in the future
has improved. As the result of recent
exploration and research, the new mine
expected to be in operation soon (2003)
at the Nalunaq deposit in the southern-
most part of Greenland, may signal the
opening of a `golden' period in South
Greenland.

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

Igutsaat fjord

Kangerluluk

Kutseq fjord

Basic volcanic rocks with pillow-structures, Kangerluluk.

Geological map of SE Greenland.

Rusty aplite sill, 5 m wide, near Igutsaat.

Roof zone of

batholith

Distal occurrences -

Au-As-Sb

Quartz veins - Proximal

occurrences: Au-As in

veins in mafic rocks

Batholith

Intrusion-related occurrences:

Au-Bi-(Mo) - veins, shears, sheets

Volcanic sequence: Cu-Au

Schematic presentation of the ore setting in South Greenland.

G O L D M I N E R A L I S A T I O N A N D G O L D P O T E N T I A L

Key references

Erfurt, P. 1990: Reconnaissance and exploration

for gold and base metals in the area between Arsuk

and Neria Fjords, South-West Greenland. Work

performed 1971 to 1985: Results and discussion.

Open File Series Grønlands Geologiske Under-

søgelse 90/10, 30 pp.

Evans, D.M. & King, A.R. 1993: Sediment and

shear-hosted gold mineralization of the Tartoq

Group supracrustals, southwest Greenland, Pre-

cambrian Research 62, 6182.

Gowen, J., Christiansen, O., Grahl-Madsen, L.,

Pedersen, J., Petersen, J.S. & Robyn, T.L. 1993:

Discovery of the Nalunaq Gold Deposit, Kirke-

spirdalen, SW Greenland. International Geology

Review 35, 10011008.

Mosher, G. 1995: Summary of mineral occur-

rences and mineral exploration potential of South

Greenland (Sheet 1 Geological map of Greenland).

Open File Series Grønlands Geologiske Under-

søgelse 95/3, 35 pp.

Schjøth, F., Garde, A.A., Jørgensen, M.S., Lind, M.,

Moberg, E., Nielsen, T.F.D., Rasmussen,T.M.,

Secher, K., Steenfelt, A., Steendal, H.,Thorning, L.

& Tukiainen, T. 2000: Mineral resource potential

of South Greenland, Danmarks og Grønlands

Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 2000/57, 36 pp,

CD-Rom included.

Secher, K. & Kalvig, P. 1987: Reconnaissance for

noble and base metal mineralisation within the

Precambrian supracrustal sequences in the Ivigtut-

Kobberminebugt region, South-West Greenland.

Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 135,

5259.

Steenfelt, A. 2001: Geochemical atlas of Green-

land West and South Greenland, Danmarks og

Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport

2001/46, 40 pp.

Steenfelt, A., Nielsen, T.F.D. & Stendal, H. 2000:

Mineral resource potential of South Greenland:

review of new digital sets. Danmarks og Grønlands

Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 2000/50, 47 pp.

Stendal, H. (ed.) 2000: Exploration in Greenland:

discoveries of the 1990s. Transactions of the

Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, section B,

Applied earth science 109, B1-B66.

Stendal, H., Grahl-Madsen, L., Olsen, H.K.,

Schønwandt, H.K. & Thomassen, B. 1995: Gold

exploration in the early Proterozoic Ketilidian

Orogen, South Greenland. Exploration and Mining

Geology 4, 307315.

GEOLOGY AND ORE 1 / 2002

Greenland Resources A/S

Tuapannguit 38

P.O. Box 821

DK-3900 Nuuk

Greenland

Tel: (+299) 32 79 13

Fax.: (+299) 32 79 14

E-mail: gras@greennet.gl

Internet: www.resources.gl

Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum

(BMP)

Government of Greenland

P.O. Box 930

DK-3900 Nuuk

Greenland

Tel: (+299) 34 68 00

Fax.: (+299) 32 43 02

E-mail: bmp@gh.gl

Internet: www.bmp.gl

Geological Survey of Denmark

and Greenland (GEUS)

Øster Voldgade 10

DK-1350 Copenhagen K

Denmark

Tel: (+45) 38 14 20 00

Fax.: (+45) 38 14 20 50

E-mail: geus@geus.dk

Internet: www.geus.dk

Authors:

Henrik Stendal & Karsten Secher

Graphic Production:

Carsten Thuesen, GEUS

Editor: Karsten Secher, GEUS

Printed: 31st of July, 2002

Printers: FROM & CO

The valley down slope from the Nalunaq deposit. The valley was originally named after the
steep mountain (middleupper part) `Kirkespiret' ("the church steeple"), 1590 m a.s.l.

Front cover photograph:

Gold exploration in Ketilidian rocks, Danell fjord,

SE Greenland.

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